Ship Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ship Construction - Essay Example Pounding stress can be reduced by reinforcing the hull plating at the bow end of the ship to prevent the plate from bending. Likewise, panting pressure can be countered through reinforcement of the framing at the ship’s end to avoid irregular movement of the hull plating. (Okumoto et. al, 2009) A ship is basically a supported beam that is subjected to waves. This leads to external stresses i.e. sagging and hogging. Hogging occurs when a substantial portion of the center of the vessel is supported by the buoyant force of a wave with the rest of the vessel unsupported. This produces a tensile stress in the deck and also other compressive forces at the bottom of the hull. Likewise, sagging happens the center of the vessel is relatively unsupported with the either ends supported by a wave. The figure below shows the boom structure cut a way of the stress distribution in the hull through the hierarchy of structure and the direction of the stresses. (Derrett & Barrass, 2006) The bending stresses are zero at one location i.e. the neutral axis. Also, the reaction forces are equal at both ends with no rotation. The bending stresses are positive in one flange and negative in the other in the middle of the span. Lastly, the shear stresses are highest in the middle of the span. (Derrett & Barrass, 2006) The main parts of a double bottom include plating, bilge plating, floors, intercostal girders, bilges, brackets, longitudinals, pillars and angle clips. The double bottom mainly extends from the tank top to the flat keel and is watertight so as to keep the ship afloat in case of accidents. The intercostal girders combine with beams to form the deck’s longitudinal framing together with the longitudinals. Brackets are used to connect any two members of the double bottom while bilge plating is a longitudinal plating that is used to connect the bottom plating with the side shell plating. Pillars constitute vertical members that are used to connect the double

Poem ulysses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poem ulysses - Essay Example In stanza 2, line 23 in the poem, Ulysses says, â€Å"To rust unburnished, not to shine in use!†, denoting that spirit to feel worthwhile even at an age where people would redeem them useless. It is Ulysses perseverance that makes him wants to make this dangerous journey in his old age and admits better to die during such an adventure than to store in his boring kingdom (Tennyson). The main character in the poem is Ulysses. Ulysses is an old King whom has good memories of his young age and a vast kingdom to rule. Ulysses appears to be bored staying in one place as the spirit of adventure keeps calling him, â€Å"It little profits that an idle king† (Stanza 1, line 1). He opts to leave the kingdom to his son and make a journey to a distant land with his crew of old men. At an old age, many would expect Ulysses to stay in one place and die in peace, but the old man is determined to die while happy on an adventure (Tennyson). Ulysses is seen as a person who does not give up in life, but is determined to hold on onto the one thing that makes him happy. He even makes a move to leave his wife behind and go to the seas with his old crew with whom he has had several adventures

Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Comparison

Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Comparison Septic infectious arthritis and reactive arthritis are two arthritic disorders that result from an infection. Though they both are related in their etiology and in their characteristic of causing arthritic joints, each of them are actually different in the way the infection triggers the condition. The main difference between the two conditions may be further clarified with the examination of the terminology used for each. Origin of Terminology Septic arthritis derives its name from the term sepsis which pertains to the systemic compromise due to the spread of infection  [1]  ; this is the reason why the term is at times used interchangeably with infectious arthritis. Reactive arthritis was previously known as Reiters Syndrome named after the late German physician Hans Conrad Julius Reiter who was instrumental in the identification and description of the condition.  [2]  The term Reiters syndrome has lost popularity due to the exposure of Reiters history as a Nazi party member during his prosecution in the Nuremberg trials as a war criminal because of his alleged participation in the forced human experimentations in the Buchenwald concentration camp; this urged a group of doctors to campaign for the renaming of term Reiters syndrome into reactive arthritis back in 1977.  [3]  The condition may also be known as arthritis urethritica, polyarteritis enterica, or venereal arthritis. (1) The term arthritis urethritic a was coined due to its tendency to occur after a genitourinary infection, (2) the term polyarteritis enterica was coined due to its tendency to affect multiple joints and its tendency to occur after a gastrointestinal infection, and (3) the term venereal arthritis was coined due to the tendency of the condition to occur after a known venereal disease infection. The main difference between reactive arthritis from septic arthritis is that septic arthritis caused by the infection of the joint. However, reactive arthritis is not caused by an infection to the joint itself, but is rather an autoimmune response in reaction to an infection on another part of the body. Each disorder will be discussed further in depth in this chapter. Overviews, Microbiology, and Prevalence Septic Arthritis Septic arthritis is an infection resulting in an arthritis characterized by purulent invasion and intense pain at the infected joint.  [4]  Aside from being interchangeable with the term infectious arthritis, this condition may also be known as suppurative arthritis due to its characteristic of producing purulent substances or pus, and may also be known as bacterial arthritis, even though the condition may at times be of fungal or viral origin instead of the commonly bacterial origin. The causative infectious agent in septic arthritis can spread to the joint from other previously infected areas of the body. The infection may sometimes only affect a single joint without affecting other parts of the body, but the infection may still spread to other body parts. Septic arthritis commonly affects the knee or wrist, and may also affect other joints such as the ankle, hip, elbow, shoulder, and shoulder. The infection infiltrates and damages the joint causing severe pain, suppuration, he at, and swelling. This severe form of arthritis also develops along with the sudden onset of fever, chills, and joint pain.  [5]  On the occasion that the sufferer of some forms of septic arthritis do not seek rapid medical attention for diagnosis and treatment, the joint may incur irreversible and permanent damage and in a period of days. Therefore, the situation should be regarded as a medical emergency. Gonococcal arthritis is the most prevalent form of septic arthritis in the United States  [6]  . This class of septic arthritis is less prevalent in other areas of the world such as Western Europe where it is presently uncommon. The causative organism behind this form of the condition is the gram-negative diplococcus bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae which was most likely spread to the joint systematically due to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). This specific condition can be manifested as either arthritis-dermatitis syndrome which is a bacteremic infection accounting for sixty percent of gonococcal arthritis cases, or it can be manifested as an arthritic infection localized to a single joint which accounts for the remaining forty percent of cases.  [7]   Reactive Arthritis Reactive arthritis is an autoimmune condition caused by the bodys immune response to an infection. The causative infection is not located at the affected joint itself (cross-reactivity).  [8]  The triggering infection is usually or often already in remission by the time the patient presents with arthritic symptoms, thus making it difficult to ascertain the initial cause. Cultures taken from the synovial fluid of the joints affected by reactive arthritis will characteristically yield negative results indicating the cause is not a direct infection to the joint, but instead may be plausibly due to the over-stimulation of the autoimmune response or by the depositing of bacterial antigens in the joints by an unknown manner. Though the mechanism of reaction from the infection is still unknown, it is said that reactive arthritis often manifests within one to three weeks after a known infection. Microbiology of Arthritis The etiology of septic arthritis is commonly bacterial in naturemycobacterial, viral, and fungal arthritis occur in rare cases.  [9]  The pathogen responsible for septic arthritis must reach the synovial membrane of the joint. The micro-organisms are usually carried to the joint by the bloodstream from an infectious source such as wound infections and abscesses located elsewhere on the body, introduced by skin lesions or trauma that penetrates into the joint, or by extension of the infection from adjacent body tissue such adjacent soft tissue infections or bones suffering from an osteomyelitic condition. Being the most common cause of septic arthritis, there are various strains of bacteria that may be the culprit behind this condition. Staphylococcus aureus is the common causative pathogen in adults, while streptococci is the second-most likely causative pathogen in adults.  [10]  Neisseria gonorrhoea is the most prevalent causative microorganism in young adults, although thi s is now thought to be rare in Western Europe.  [11]  Moreover, Haemophilus influenzae was the most prevalent causative pathogen in children but is now declining in areas where haemophilus vaccinations have been introduced.  [12]  Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most likely causative micro-organism among the elderly, the seriously ill, and users of intravenous drugs. Salmonella, brucella, and tuberculosis are the causative pathogens behind septic spinal arthritis.  [13]  Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the bacterium responsible for endocarditis, has also been identified as a causative pathogen for septic arthritis in children who have suffered a penetrating wound directly to the joints.  [14]   Reactive arthritis may also be caused by bacterial infection. It is triggered by a recent preceding infection; the most common culprit in the United States would be the genital infection Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacterium known as Ureaplasma urealytium, which is a pathogen of the urinary tract, is also known to trigger the condition. The condition may also be triggered by bouts of gastrointestinal infection or food poisoning from Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter, which are all enteric bacteria genera.  [15]  The infection is not located in the ailing joint, and may no longer present elsewhere on the body by the time the reactive arthritis develops. Other microorganisms may still be behind a case reactive arthritis but the evidence indicating them to be the actual cause is still circumstantial.  [16]   Prevalence of Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Young children, older adults, and individuals with artificial joints are at greater risk than the general population to develop septic arthritis. Those with artificial joints may be infected with different organisms in comparison with the general population, and may present with slightly different symptoms.  [17]  In general, if an individual affected by septic arthritis seeks medical attention and treatment within a week after the first symptoms appear, they will most likely make a full recovery. On the other hand, individuals aged twenty to forty years of age are more likely to be affected by reactive arthritis. Men are more likely to be affected by the condition than women. Caucasian people are more likely to be affected than individuals of African-American descent; this is due to the frequent occurrence of the HLA-B27 gene within the white population.  [18]  Patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) also have an increased risk of developing this condit ion. Arthritis makes it extremely difficult for affected individuals to remain physically active as many individuals become bound to their homes. These individuals will increase their risk for obesity, depression, and heart disease due to their inactivity and anxiety from worsening disability.  [19]   The Immune Systems Role in Arthritis Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are both conditions that involve the immune systems autoimmune response. However, septic arthritis is the result of the bodys normal immune response to an actual infection present at the ailing joint. On the other hand, reactive arthritis is the result of the immune systems abnormal immune response to what it believes is a present infection at the joint but is, however, absent or is an infection on a part of the body aside from the joint; this mistaken response which may be due to misinterpretation or oversensitivity is considered abnormal and is classified as an autoimmune disease. An overview of the human bodys immune system can better explain the mechanism by which these two conditions come into fruition. Overview of the Human Immune System The human immune system is an intricate defense system designed to specifically defend against the many different types of pathogens. Pathogens are any organism, usually a live organism, which can cause disease. Pathogens include bacteria which are single celled organisms capable of living outside the body, protozoa which are single celled organisms that live and are spread through water, pathogenic proteins which are multi-celled organisms that can only reproduce in another more complex living organism, fungi which are plant-like multi-celled organisms that take nutrition from other living organism such as plants and animals, viruses which are actually multi-celled organisms that invade and reproduce inside another microbial organism, and parasites which are full complex organisms which feed off the nutrients of another complex organisms and which tend to live in the intestinal tract or bloodstream of the human body. In theory any one of these organisms can cause septic arthritis or reactive arthritis, but parasites are very unlikely to cause these conditions and bacteria are the most prevalent culprit. In the event that a pathogen passes through the bodys outer physical barriers, such as mucus and the skin, and penetrates into the internal structures of the human body, the immune system kicks in.  [20]   The human bodys immune system response is composed of the non-specific response and the specific response. Non-specific response consists of the complement response, the interferon response, fever response, and the inflammatory response. The complement response is conducted by the activation of complement proteins which bind with pathogens with lipid layers, such as bacteria, to destroy their lipid layers allowing water to shift into the pathogen to drown them, or by the activation of macrophages which engulf the invading pathogen. Interferon response is conducted by a cell that has been infected with a virus. The infected cell produces a chemical protein known as interferon which will bind to uninfected cells preventing the virus from readily infecting them. The fever is conducted in response to toxin present in the body which may or may not be produced by bacteria; pyrogen, which is a chemical also known as Interleukin 1, is responsible for resetting and increasing the bodys temper ature and may cause gradual joint degeneration. Inflammatory response is the result of the release of histamines in response to tissue damage or infection; histamine is capable of causing capillary dilation which allows for greater capillary permeability, which in turn allows for white blood cells to gather at an infected site, for fluid to create inflammation and swelling at the site to create cushioning, and for an increase in temperature at the affected site. The inflammatory response and fever response are the main responses responsible for the signs and symptoms present during both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis. The human bodys specific immune response is mostly managed by the different types of leukocytes which are better known as white blood cells (WBCs). White blood cells can be classified as eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Eosinophils serve to produce interleukins which are chemicals that serve a vital role as immune system neurotransmitters that relay messages between the many different white blood cells to ensure that they work together and cooperate as an effective system against pathogens and to ensure that the immune system does not attack the bodys own cells. Macrophages are also known as phagocytes, meaning they are capable of conducting phagocytosis which is the process of engulfing, killing, and digesting of pathogens and cellular debris; after digestion, the degraded pathogen is turned in peptides which can act as antigens. The antigens produced by the macrophages are then carried by the macrophages into the lymph nodes where the helper T-cells utilize them to signal the B-cells to create antibodies. The last type of white blood cell is collectively called lymphocytes. The lymphocytes can be further subdivided into B-cells, NK cells, and T-cells. B-cells are responsible for creating immunoglobulin, or antibodies, that are specific to a certain pathogen as identified by their antigen. Antigens are protein peptides that exist on the outer surface of pathogens; these antigens are used to differentiate and identify cells and pathogens that are foreign to the host body. The helper T-cells who receive the antigen produced by the macrophage produce lymphokines which instruct the B-cells on the production of the specific antibody. When the B-cells produce the specific antibody, B plasma cells begin to create more copies of its own self to create more antibodies. These antibodies, when released into the bloodstream, will then proceed to bind with the antigens on the actual pathogens to signal the killer T-cells to attack these foreign organisms. The B-cells will also produce B memory cells, which are inactive B plasma cells. These inactive B memory cells last longer than their active B plasma cell counterparts, which last for about five to seven days; the presence of the B memory cells in the bloodstream allows them to respond faster to secondary exposures to the same pathogens in the future. Natural killer (NK) cells are cells that are activated by interferons, which interfere with virus replication, and chemicals produced by macrophages which have ingested a virus. Natural killer cells engulf virus pathogens to prevent them from reproducing until a killer T-cell is developed to kill the contained virus. T-cells are responsible for identifying and destroying specific pathogens and consist of helper T-cells, killer T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells. Helper T-cells receive antigens from macrophages which have ingested a pathogen and instruct the B-cells to produce antibodies which will in turn signal the killer T-cells. Killer T-cells are responsible for finding and destroying pathogens by injecting them with cytotoxins. Memory T-cells are derivatives of helper T-cells which circulate around the body and perform the same functions as their parent cells. Suppressor T-cells are responsible for slowing down and deactivating the immune response once the foreign o rganisms and pathogens have been eliminated. What Goes Wrong with the Immune Response Septic arthritis is really the result of the damage caused by the invading organisms and the normal immune response of the body to the infection in that specific joint or set of joints. In septic arthritis, the macrophages ingest a pathogen that has infected a joint. The macrophages then degrade the pathogen into antigens and relay them to the helper T-cells in the lymph nodes. The T-cells then create antibodies specific to the antigens on the pathogens. The inflammatory response also releases histamine which increases the blood flowing into the affected joint to cause swelling, redness, and pain, which in turn causes stiffness and difficulty moving in the joint to cause arthritic symptoms. Meanwhile, the invading organisms cause damage to the joints. Such damage incurred by the joints may be irreparable if medical attention is not immediately sought after. Suppuration which is the result of the white blood cells fight against the invading microorganisms may also contribute to the ar thritic condition. The fever response that triggers the release of pyrogen may also contribute to the degeneration of the joint. Although the exact etiology of the condition is still uncertain, unlike septic arthritis, reactive arthritis is caused by a faulty immune system response. The condition occurs in the absence and aftermath of an actual infection that is located in a part of the body aside from the affected joints. Two theories exist for the purpose of explanation. The first theory speculates that there are antigens deposited in the affected joint; the second theory speculates that the immune system has become faulty in detecting the actual presence or absence pathogens and creates an exaggerated immune response in the joints even though there is no infection or the infection is located elsewhere on the body. These theories causes the immune system to believe in a current infection and will release histamine and pyrogen to produce inflammation and fever. The inflammation will again cause the joint(s) to be stiff, painful, and immobileall of which are arthritic symptoms. The absence of an actual pathogen may mean that the inflammation and fever will last for an uncertain length of time but the absence of an actual pathogen will also mean that there is little to no actual damage to the affected joint. Distinguishing Characteristics There are over a hundred forms of arthritis, all of which involve some degree of inflammation, pain, and immobility of an affected joint.  [21]  The many different types are the result of several different causes and these causes may point towards what distinguishes each form of arthritis from the other. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and is the most common presentation of arthritis; it can result from trauma to the joint, direct infection to the joint, daily wear and tear, muscle strain, fatigue, or simply from old age. Other forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are attributed to autoimmune diseases. The main thing that differentiates septic arthritis and reactive arthritis from other types of arthritis is that they are mainly results of infection. This means that they will most likely present with fever. The main difference between reactive arthritis from septic arthritis is that the latter is when infection of the joint itself is the cause of the suppuration leading to the arthritis. However, reactive arthritis is not caused by an infection to the joint itself, but rather the inflammation is caused by an autoimmune response to an infection located on another part of the body; this is known as cross reactivity.  [22]  Septic arthritis will most likely affect an individual joint (monoarthritic) if only one joint is infected. Nonetheless, the possible systemic nature of reactive arthritis allows it to most likely affect several joints (polyarthritis). Septic arthritis will also most likely yield positive culture results and present with suppuration, unlike reactive arthritis which may not yield the same results due to the absence of an infection at the actual site of arthritic symptoms. Techniques and Research Diagnostic Techniques The diagnosis of arthritis in general is made through a clinical examination that is conducted by a duly licensed and qualified health professional, who may require other examinations such as blood tests and radiology to create a differential diagnosis for the suspected arthritis. However, radiographs (x-ray) and sonographs (ultrasound) are mostly used only to assess and monitor the severity and progression of the condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also an effective diagnostic tool. The history of the current disorder may guide diagnosis; some significant markers include: speed and time of onset, pattern and symmetry of joint involvement, aggravating and relieving factors, quality and severity of pain, and other systemic symptoms. An example of this is the use of pain patterns; for example, rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in pain and stiffness during mornings, but in comparison, osteoarthritis is usually aggravated after strenuous activities such as exercise. There is no diagnostic test to completely rule out septic arthritis; however, it should be considered whenever a patient presents with rapid onset of joint pain. Usually it only affects one joint (monoarthritis); however, several joints can be affected simultaneously in cases involving staphylococcus or gonococcus infections. The affected joints may present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth, often affecting joints in the limbs instead of deep joints such as the hips or shoulders. A fever of a bove 38.5 degrees Celsius and history of septic arthritis may also be indicative of the condition. The Gram stain can rule towards a septic arthritis diagnosis but cannot rule it out.  [23]  Gram stain and culture of fluid from the joint and blood test serums can also rule towards a positive diagnosis when yielding elevated neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and WBCs. Being a sort of systemic autoimmune disorder, reactive arthritis can be expected to cause polyarthritis which is a multiple joint arthritic condition. The affected joints may also present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Swabs taken from the urethra, cervix, stool, urine, or the throat can be cultured in an attempt to identify the causative organisms. Blood tests and synovial fluid cultures may also be done to reveal elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and CRP to support the diagnosis. A blood screening may be done to identify the presence of the gene HLA-B27, which is present in an estimated eighty percent of all patients suffering from reactive arthr itis.  [24]   Treatment Techniques Treatment for arthritis in general includes lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight control, physical therapy, orthopedic braces, and medications. The main goal of treatment for both septic and reactive arthritis is to identify and eradicate the causative pathogen with the appropriate antibiotics. In the meantime, the treatment is symptomatic. Medications such as antibiotics, NSAIDS, steroids, and analgesia can help decrease inflammation in the joint resulting in decreased pain and hampered joint damage.  [25]  Reactive arthritis may require immunosuppressant medications in addition to the above medications to reduce oversensitivity of the immune system. Extreme pain, redness, and swelling may require drainage by needle puncture to alleviate these signs of inflammation. Surgical replacement of the joints may also be needed in eroding types of arthritis such as certain strains of septic arthritis. Surgical debridement or arthrotomy is usually indicated for infections involvi ng prosthetic joints. Individuals for whom surgery is contraindicated will have to undergo long-term trial antibiotic therapy.  [26]   Analysis Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are two arthritic conditions that result from the human immune systems response to infection. Septic arthritis is the result of an infection on the arthritic joint; if one joint is infected, only one joint shall be suffer arthritic symptoms. Reactive arthritis is the result of an exaggerated immune response to an infection that does not involve the arthritic joint; this condition may be systemic and may affect multiple joints. Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis may both be caused by any pathogen including bacteria, mycobacterium, virus, and fungi; however, bacterial infections are the most prevalent culprit. Since both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are the result of an infection, what distinguishes them from most other forms of arthritis is that both of them may present with fever and some degree of suppuration in addition to the usual symptoms of inflammation which include pain, swelling, redness, and warmth at the joint. Septic arthritis will however prove to be the more destructive of the two conditions because it directly infects the joint and may cause permanent and irreversible damage. Since both of the conditions are the result of an infection, both of their treatments include antibiotics, which may usually be given intravenously, and medications that may deal with the symptoms of pain and inflammation may be given. Orthopedic bracing for support and surgical intervention for damaged joints may also be needed in certain cases.

Personal Narrative - A Hasty Decision Essay -- Personal Narrative Writ

A Hasty Decision When I turned eighteen I went out and began renting my very own apartment. The effort I put into this task at the time seemed sufficient. I went online, found a place I liked with good location and low rent. I asked my good friend Sean to live with me to help keep costs down. Then I took care of all the utilities, gas electric, cable, phone, internet, and all the necessities. My first apartment gave me some very rough times, but from that time I learned a little about apartments and a lot about life. Things were going great for Sean and I. we had been living on our own in Tera Vida Apartments for three months and we were getting along swell. The only occasional dispute was when we would rock, paper, scissors to see who was taking out the trash. Expenses were no problem. Sean had a job as a telemarketer and was getting weekly bonuses in excess of five hundred dollars for beating the quota. I was driving the zamboni and working in the pro shop of the local ice rink. The best part of all was no one was telling us to do anything at all. Almost out of nowher...

El Lexico Y Los Limites de Tu Mundo

El mundo globalizado en el que vivimos actualmente es altamente competitivo y hace cada vez mas necesario y fundamental el conocimiento y uso de un lexico mas tecnico y preciso. ?Por que? En principio porque el uso de un lexico con dichas caracteristicas nos hace parecer mejor preparados al demostrar un dominio sobre el tema que tratamos. En general el lexico que utilizamos sirve como una especie de tarjeta de presentacion ante personas que no conocemos, ya que con tan solo escucharnos se forman una idea de nuestro nivel de escolaridad y cultural. El tener un lexico amplio nos ayuda a dar una mejor impresion a los demas y nos puede ayudar a abrir puertas a lo largo de nuestras vidas. Conforme avanzamos en nuestros estudios vamos anadiendo palabras a nuestro lexico, las cuales nos permiten expresarnos de manera mas especifica y clara. Independientemente del campo en el que nos especialicemos siempre nos veremos en la necesidad de utilizar tecnicismos para describir un proceso o fenomeno especifico de nuestra area. Si en un reporte o entrevista obviaramos su existencia y decidieramos expresarnos con palabras mas escuetas y/o simples, inmediatamente dariamos una mala impresion a nuestros superiores o entrevistadores. En cierta forma el uso de palabras tecnicas y una forma de expresion mas elocuente y elegante nos ayuda a dar una mejor impresion y a diferenciarnos de los demas. En la vida profesional esto es de gran ayuda ya que nos brinda un mayor poder de convencimiento y confianza. El tener un lexico amplio tambien nos ayuda a expresarnos de mejor manera. ?Como? Dada la gran riqueza del idioma espanol existen muchas formas de expresar una misma idea. Si necesitamos explicar un tema complicado a personas que no tienen un alto nivel de escolaridad, el tener un lexico amplio nos ayuda a rebajar el nivel de dificultad sin que se pierda la esencia del mensaje que queriamos dar. Este es uno de los tantos beneficios que nos brinda el tener un lexico amplio. â€Å"Los limites de mi lenguaje son los limites de mi mundo. -Ludwig Wittgenstein Extrapolando de lo que decia Ludwig Wittgenstein podriamos decir que al ampliar nuestro lexico ampliamos el limite de nuestro mundo y de nuestra vida. El tener un lexico amplio nos permite a la larga, entonces, no solo expresarnos mejor sino tambien el demostrar nuestro domino sobre algun tema en particular en el ambito profesional. Es por estas y muchas otras razones que es importante ampliar nuestro lexico en cada oportunidad que se nos presente ya que nunca sabemos cuando podemos necesitar expresar una misma idea de distintas maneras.

Peter the Great

The lands of Tsarist Russia once stretched from Scandinavia to the Pacific. The largest landlocked Empire in the world, stretching thousandths of miles across woods, plains, mountains, deserts, and the endless Siberian Taiga. 1 The Russian people consist one of the most diverse ethnic groups in the world. In the west, descendants of Europeans known as the Kievan Rus founded Kyiv and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Yet these former Europeans are distinctly different, both physically and mentally than Western Europeans.The Eastern Steppe consisted of various Central Asian races such as the Tatars, the Mongols, the Ugurs, and the Turks, who occupied various regions of what would become the Russian Empire. One aspect of the Russian Empire that always seemed to remain constant was its path of warfare, whether it was defensive or conquering other Empires. The Russian Empire always wanted to increase the size of their land for economic reasons. 3The political philosophies of the Russian people a nd State constantly changed due to the position that the Empire was in.The story of Russia is dramatic, ruthless, and most mportantly a failure. Authoritarian governments have ruled the Russian people, since the creation of Kyiv. 4Whether it was the Mongol Empire, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, The USSR, or the Russian Federation, all these governments oppressed their citizens. Peter the Great is an independent thinker in the history of Russia, he saw Europe as the centre of knowledge and culture in the world. He, unlike so many of his countrymen, wanted Russia to be fully incorporated in European society.The Kievan Rus were the first to settle Western Russia. 5They established their mpire around their capital of Kiev in the 9th century. The Kievan Rus expanded their empire both geographically and economically. They traveled long distances, reaching distant lands such as 6Central Asia, the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, and the Arab world. Their empire expanded th rough various sections of Eastern Europe, in what is now Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Although they were masters of warfare and trade, intellectually, they were far behind Western Europe and the Arab world.Western Europeans viewed them as barbarians since they were not Christian and were constantly at war with one another. Since the creation of the Kievan Rus, there has been a constant mistrust between Russia and Western Europe. During the Middle Ages, Catholicism dominated every aspect of Western European life. 7The Rus were mostly pagans, believing in Nordic mythology. They remained pagan until 988, when Vladimir the Great baptized Kiev. Vladimir's embassies had consulted with the Muslims, Jews, Catholics, and the Orthodox Church.The staggering beauty of the Hagia Sophia amazed Vladimir's envoys, the church represented the power and beauty of the Greek Orthodox Church. Vladimir then decided to convert Kiev, the argest city in his Empire to Christianity. 8Politically, the Rus rese mbled Western Europe, except for the Papacy. The Monarchy of the Rus was oppressive and there was very little freedom among the peasants. The Rus developed a system of feudalism that remained in Russia until the fall of the Tsars and the introduction of the Soviet Union.

Todays Negative Media essays

Today's Negative Media essays Since the late 1940s media such as television have been an important factor in our everyday lives. Television keeps people aware and up-to-date with important information giving those people knowledge on what is happening in the world around them. Television is also used as a source of entertainment. In the past television was mainly used to entertain families where they would get together around the TV set and watch for a few hours. However, today television is used for many purposes and is a cause for concern when looking at its affects on the people of todays society. Firstly, younger children tend to watch television instead of going outside and getting exercise; teenagers watch television instead of doing their studies, and grown-ups become pre-occupied with technologic gadgetry instead of doing what they are supposed to. Secondly, children watching television see violence in the form of cartoons or other popular children shows desensitizing the children and making them think vi olence is acceptable in real-life. Lastly, some types of media discriminate against all people regardless of age, gender, or race. In todays society, television can have a negative affect on anyone and everyone in that society. Luxury items like televisions are cause for concern because children and young adults seem to stay transfixed to such a medium. Hours of easy viewing with addictive story-line shows are what causes people of all ages to become glued to the tube. The extended time wasted by sitting and not getting much needed exercise leads to health problems later on in life, such as backaches, obesity, and a leniency toward procrastination. According to studies, e.g. the Huston-Stein project, the average child watches about 27 hours of television per week. In some cases viewing can reach as much as 11 hours a day on non-school days. Televisions have become less expensive, allowing more people to have these products...

Critical Lens Essay on Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay Essays

Critical Lens Essay on Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay Essays Critical Lens Essay on Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay Paper Critical Lens Essay on Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner The Romantic period. which lasted from 1780 to 1837. was a clip of invention and imaginativeness. particularly in the field of literature ( hearts-ease. org ) . Not merely was literature changing. but so was the whole universe. There was a strong sense of patriotism. self-expression. inquiries were asked. and people were more concerned with beauty than logic. â€Å"The Lyrical Ballads† was the first romantic piece published. and paved the manner for the Romantic Movement which left a permanent impact on literature. civilization. and manner of life. After the joint attempt of William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge in the creative activity of â€Å"The Lyrical Ballads. † Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† in the 1790s. Coleridge used his imaginativeness to make superb imagination. supernatural existences. composing that was abstract instead than realistic. and subjects of nature. All of these elements combined to make the most celebra ted verse form during the Romantic Time period. Frost of the Ancient Mariner† is a originative verse form due to it’s glorious usage of imagination. Imagery helps to do Coleridge’s poem romantic because it is a powerful tool that articulates a message in originative and descriptive item. Imagery is frequently referred to as â€Å"the esthesiss that linguistic communication creates in the mind† . Harmonizing to dictionary. com. imagination is the usage of vivid or nonliteral linguistic communication to stand for objects. actions. or thoughts. One illustration of a quotation mark from â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† that has imagination is the following. â€Å"The death-fires danced at dark ; the H2O. like a witch’s oils. burnt green. and bluish and white. † ( 5 of 20 ) . This is imagery because the reader can visualise the death-fires. and grok what Coleridge was seeking to demo the reader. This is really inventive. and would non happen in existent life. Because of imagination. Col eridge was able to make a really romantic temper. which helped beef up his verse form. Another manner that Coleridge’s verse form is romantic is through intense item and linguistic communication that makes the supernatural appear to be existent. and combines it with the known universe. All who read it inquiry if these supernatural existences truly do be. One illustration of how Coleridge uses the supernatural component is in the undermentioned citation. â€Å"Is that a DEATH? and are at that place two? Is DEATH that woman’s mate? Her lips were ruddy. her expressions were free. Her locks were xanthous as gold: Her tegument was every bit white as Hansens disease. the Night-mare LIFE-N-DEATH was she. Who thicks man’s blood with cold. † ( 7 of 20 ) . This quote uses superb inside informations and descriptive linguistic communication that makes DEATH and LIFE-N-DEATH appear to be existent. Coleridge uses his extraordinary imaginativeness to make two supernatural existences that appear existent and terrorization. Because the Romantic period had mu ch more artistic freedom than the periods before it. Coleridge was able to utilize supernatural existences as a major subject in his verse form. Last. â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† is romantic because it is abstract and uses the subject of nature to demo that people must love all living things. Coleridge created this abstract atmosphere by utilizing literary elements such as subject and symbol. One illustration of Coleridge’s usage of symbolism is in the undermentioned quotation mark from the verse form. â€Å"At length did traverse an Albatross. Through the fog it came ; As if it had been a Christian psyche. We hailed it in God’s name. † ( 3 of 20 ) . Symbolism is. harmonizing to dictionary. com. the pattern of stand foring things by agencies of symbols or of imputing symbolic significances or significance to objects. events. or relationships. The usage of symbolism in the above subdivision is apparent when Coleridge compares the Albatross to a Christian psyche. such as Jesus. The Albatross therefore symbolizes a holy figure. such as Simon in Lord of the Flies. The linguistic communication in which Coleridge describes the Albatross is besides really abstract. Rather than the ordinary manner of stating â€Å"then came an Albatross. † Coleridge uses his sense of passion. and non ground to compose this verse form. He says â€Å"through the fog it came ; As if it had been a Christian psyche. † Coleridge besides uses the literary component of subject by utilizing nature to demo that all existences should demo â€Å"love and fear to all things that God made and loveth. † ( 20 of 20 ) . This subject is addressed when Coleridge says. â€Å"O happy life things! no lingua Their beauty might declare: A spring of love gushed from my bosom. And I blessed them unaware: Certain my sort saint took commiseration on me. And I blessed them unaware. † ( 10 of 20 ) . This citation takes topographic point when the Mariner sees H2O serpents and blesses them. This is when the enchantment on the Mariner begins to interrupt. because he has begun to appreciate nature. alternatively of destructing living things. In â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner. † Coleridge’s usage of linguistic communication is really original and imaginative. The reader can understand precisely what the Albatross represents. and how the Mariner felt about the serpents. Besides. the Mariner’s emotions flooded the text. which made â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† a fantastic piece of poesy. By holding an abstract sentiment. â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† was able to carry through its end in going a romantic piece. In decision. â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† is a romantic verse form because passion. non ground. ruled. and imaginativeness was more of import than logic. Coleridge was able to utilize his imaginativeness to bring forth eye-popping sentences filled with imagination. supernatural existences. and all of which included authorship that was elusive as a replacing for the logical and mathematical diction. Due to the usage of imagination. Coleridge expressed a message in originative and graphic item. By utilizing nature. Coleridge was able to learn the reader of the major subject in the narrative. to love all living things. Because of his imaginativeness. Coleridge created an abstract narrative that people have come to esteem for 100s of old ages. Because of that. Coleridge became known as the male parent of the romantic period. and one of the greatest poets of that clip period.

ATM systems

ATM systems One of the most important part to designing the ATM usage is to make it as use r-centred as possible. According to Benyon, 2005, the PACT which is stand for People, Activities, Contexts, and Technologies as a useful framework for thinking about a design situation in relation to an interactive system. Performing a PACT analysis would be useful for both analysis and design activities, understanding the current situations, seeing where possible improvements can be made and envisioning future situations. The results of the PACT analysis are presented below. People The users groups for this technology include all people with bank accounts, especially UMS students, staff and lecturers. In the established user group, age and sex are not a factor. The technology does assume some previous knowledge and its functions could prove difficult for first time users. Most ATMs translate all signs and button into braille, making it usable by those without eyesight. This specific machine could create difficulties for those with disabilities because of the height of the keypad and its relatively flat orientation on the machine. People with children could also find the placement of the machine inconvenient, as its location is directly next to a main entrance. In addition, the machine have many language options, it is easier for users to use the machine. Activities Based on the study, the verification of banking details and the removal of money from ones account. The sub activities include inserting a credit card, entering ones pin number, selecting the amount desired, checking account balances and retrieving receipts. We observed the machine being used often, with one person using it every five minutes. It is important to this system works quickly, as it is meant to be a quick stop and there are often a line of people waiting to use the machine. Besides that, for security purposes, it is unsafe for a user s account information to stay up too long, as it could be target for theft. The machine is used by individuals, who must be aware of their surroundings, protect their pin number as they enter it. The ATM itself is designed so that important account information that might be printed on a receipt or shown on screen is obscured or not written out in full. If someone wrongfully inputs their pin number, for example, the transaction will be cancell ed and they will receive their card back. In some cases, a user could forget their card in the machine, which could result in theft if the card is taken immediately after the user leaves. Otherwise, the machine will retract the card and store it. Also, if a user somehow forgets to take their money, it could be stolen. The current machine performs the basic activities and sub activities well. It works quickly and efficiently to dispense users money. The functions, however, are very basic and only the simplest functions can be performed. The location and design of the machine do pose some security risks. The machine is also in a high-traffic area and is open on all sides. Contexts An ATM machine location could prove to be a significant factor in the ease of its use. If a machine is located outside, there is the potential for distraction if there is heavy rain, posing security risks. Also, bright sunlight could obscure the display, making it more difficult to use. ATM use tends to be in an open, public area, which goes against the general context and use of banking; it is generally considered to be a private activity. It could include a more private space for the machine. It should also be installed indoors if possible to reduce the potential for distraction and thus reduce security risks. The current system does not take privacy into account; the machine is located directly next to a main entrance. There are also bright lights that cause glare on the display, making it more difficult to read. Technologies The input mechanism in the form of a key pad and either a touch screen or buttons adjacent to options on screen are the easiest ways for users to input information, and is the setup of most ATMs. Banking options should be easily visible to users once their identity is verified by the machine. The key pad should be more obscured so that when users input information, privacy is not compromised. ATMs in general, are used by those standing up. However, this poses issues for those in wheelchairs and thus a design idea is to place an additional screen and keypad down lower for those with disabilities. In terms of output, we cannot see any flaws with the current use of a screen to display information. However, one innovation that could be helpful to users is to have receipts e-mailed to them instead of receiving paper receipts that tend to be discarded immediately. Communication is a big factor for ATMs, which need to be able to connect with banks to verify users, account balances, and so o n. The content central to this function is the account information being traded between user and machine, as well as between the machine and the banks. Based on the observation, the ATM does not have ideal key pad placement, possibly creating security concerns. Besides that, instructions about card insertion are unclear, the sign above the card slot says to insert the card with the numbers up, while the computer screen asks the user to insert the card with the magnetic strip up. The screen performs the necessary functions, and is convenient for most users, who use the machine standing up. It is not ideal, though, for those with disabilities as the key pad and card slot are a bit too high. The machine communicates with the banks quickly and easily, making money retrieval from this machine a rapid and simple task. As conclusion, in implementing a new ATM system, the current system employed by most machines is functional and effective. However, there are some concerns with its ease of use when it comes to those with disabilities; many are meant for users standing up, while those in wheelchairs would struggle with the horizontal orientation of the key pad and its height. Additionally, the placement of ATMs should be a key factor when implementing the system. Their ideal location is indoors where distractions like sunlight, weather and noise are mitigated. It is also important for users to have a sense of privacy or enclosure while they conduct their banking. The language a machine employs is also vital to its successful use; limited language capabilities make it difficult for a wide swath of the population to use the system.

The Mystery Of Pyramids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Mystery Of Pyramids - Essay Example Pyramids are mysterious in all the aspects they reveal; the enormous sizes, the greatness, the artifact, the architecture and the life after death. The most important aspect that inspires awe in the Egyptian pyramids are the existence of mummies that are still extant in the world, after so many years have passed since then. The perfect shape of pyramids also manifests an array of historical expertise and efforts exerted by the laborers. As the people started building pyramids, they got perfect in the art. This paper examines the history of pyramid construction, the perfection of this art as well as the beliefs of people behind the pyramid building. It also probes into the belief of Egyptian people concerning the life after death. The Egyptian pyramids reflect the testimony of a whole civilization that existed in the world about 5000 years ago. These pyramids were mostly built during the fourth dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, which happened to be one of the modern dynasties of its time. At that time, the rulers in Egypt were known as "Pharaoh" i.e., the king. Egypt was a civilization where people staunchly believed in eternity, in the concept of life after death. Pyramids, as they continue to withstand the test of time, are evidence to the fact that Egyptians wanted their kings to exist for eternity so that every one in the kingdom could be assured of perpetuation of their life after death (Ancient Egypt, home 1) All the Egyptian pyramids were built in typically the same standard form. These pyramids had the same sort of passages and chambers for the King as well as the people of his family and court. The tombs of these people surrounded the Kings' pyramids in the same manner throughout the Egyptian pyramid era. The passages and ways under the ground were constructed in the standardized vein during the periods of all the Egyptian Kings. However the size varied due to the ability and expertise of Egyptian people in building such huge monuments that marked the history of Egyptian civilization capturing the interest and awe for the world, generation after generation (The Built of Egyptian Pyramids). There exist about hundred pyramids in Cairo the Egyptian capital, however the ones at Giza happen to be the mysterious of all with respect to their size as well as their reflection of early Egyptian life. These pyramids of Giza also referred to as the Great pyramids, are popular even today due to the mysteries they unfold regarding the ancient Egyptian livelihood (The Pyramids Of Egypt). The History Of Egyptian Pyramids Pyramids have a mysterious history signifying the early Egyptian norms and beliefs concerning death and life after death. Before pyramids, the Egyptian people used to build stone graves and monuments with desert soil and stones. The first ever pyramid was the pyramid with steps constructed at Saqqara for King Zoser in 2750 BC (Ancient Egypt, home 1). The step pyramids were built with no experience and expertise of people in the construction work. Hence, the variation in shapes and designs of pyramids continued perpetually in the successive eras reflecting the yearning of Egyptians for something great that could keep their kings alive through the eternity. And that was specifically true of these pyramids; the efforts millions of Egyptian labors are still alive in the form of pyramids that continue to remain extant today, making the age of modernity

Five Dysfunctions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Five Dysfunctions - Term Paper Example Most of the jobs and the projects are becoming quite complex which is making it highly difficult for any one person to operate a particular job or project. Therefore, it is for this purpose the modern business organizations make use of the teams in order to function effectively (Stanford University, â€Å"Characteristics of Effective Teams†). The most significant attribute of effective teams is that they generally possess inter-dependent members. One of the most significant attributes of a team is to assist its members to be quite effectual at working collectively instead of working alone. An effective team tends to operate in a proper way and thus generate their own fascination. Effective teams might not always possess the similar leaders. When the team is effective, the members of the team are found to care for one another. They have members who applause and strengthen the leaders and vice versa. Furthermore, they have a greater degree of trust among the members (Stanford University, â€Å"Characteristics of Effective Teams†). In the context of Decision Tech, the first issue recognized was related to absence of trust among the members of the organization. It has been observed that Mikey was not capable of trusting her teammates which was a grave issue in the organization. The other issue related with dysfunctional team was inattention to results. Apart from the other members in the company, it was found that, Mikey was not much focused towards the attainment of the results which might hamper the effectiveness of the overall organization. It has further been recognized from the case scenario that the team members did not care for the other team members. There was lack of commitment among the team members at Decision Tech (Lencioni, P. M., â€Å"The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable†). It can be stated that the team members themselves were most responsible for the

Marketing (Buyer Behaviour) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing (Buyer Behaviour) - Essay Example t will provide the business executives with sufficient information regarding the strategies used by HP and Dell in terms of being able to effectively influence the buying behavior of its target consumers. Founded in 1939 by Bill and Dave (HP, 2008a), Hewlett-Packard (HP) manages to grow as the leading computer manufacturer in the global markets. Today, HP operates in more than 170 countries all over the world. Dell was founded by Michael Dell in 1984. (Dell, 2008a) Since then, the company remains focused on addressing the specific needs of the customers when purchasing a computer system. Dell’s strategic decision to penetrate the global markets in 1987 (Dell, 2008b) enabled the company to become one of the biggest computer manufacturers today. Specifically in Australian market, HP and Dell were able to capture the biggest market shares with 21% and 15% respectively. (Tung, 2008) (See Appendix I – Market Shares of Major Computer Manufacturers in Australia on page 11) Under the Needs and Wants, discussion will focus on determining the buyers’ behavior on these two major portable computer manufacturers, a clear market segment and the specific needs and wants of the consumers in terms of using the two branded laptops will be identified. Eventually, the different strategies used in motivating consumers to purchase either of these two products as well as the attitudes or consumers’ preferences with regards to these brands will be discussed. The last part of the report will tackle the impact of consumers’ social class on how marketers are able to communicate with them including how the marketing communication methods used may have affect the consumers’ perception on these products. Between September ___ to ___ of year 2008, a total of 100 market research survey questionnaires will be distributed to a total of 100 laptop owners who are living in Australia. (See Appendix II – Market Research Survey Questionnaire on page 12) Aside from conducting a

Plea Bargaining - A Flaw in the Criminal Justice System in the United Essay

Plea Bargaining - A Flaw in the Criminal Justice System in the United States - Essay Example This paper will discuss plea bargaining as a flaw in the criminal justice system. Plea bargaining is defined as a process whereby a defendant in a criminal case and the prosecutor reach a conclusion (which is mutually satisfactory) to end the criminal case at hand, subject to approval by the court. Successful plea bargaining lead to a plea agreement between the defendant and the prosecutor, where the former agrees to be plead guilty to the offence without a trial (Robert and Stuntz 24). In return, the prosecutor consents to make favorable recommendations to the court or dismiss specific charges regarding the case. However, plea bargaining is considered as a flaw in the criminal justice system. Its critics argue that it is a shortcut to justice, and therefore the due process of the law may not be followed fully. Besides, it is considered as a flaw in the criminal justice system because it is deemed to be unfair to criminal defendants. This is because the prosecutors tend to have so mu ch power in deciding the charges that a defendant may face (Hessick and Saujani 197). Also, since the prosecutors are evaluated to a greater extent on their rates of conviction, plea bargaining may force them to try at all costs to win the case. conversely, plea bargaining is a flaw in the criminal justice system because it is likely to soften punishment’s deterrent effect a s the defendant has an opportunity to bargain for lesser punishments (Hessick, Andrew and Saujani 81-82). Origin and Impact of Plea Bargaining Plea bargaining is a critical part of the United States’ criminal justice system; actually, majority of the criminal cases in America are settled using this means instead by jury trial. Plea bargaining traces its origin to the case of Brady v. United States in 1970 when the defendant (Robert Brady) tried to alter his plea after he had agreed to plead guilty to kidnapping for a lesser sentence (Fisher 44). Brady’s move was motivated by the desire to av oid death penalty. However, upon hearing the case, the Supreme Court ruled that his plea was legitimate because had an option of refusing the offer by the prosecutor. Subsequent case also showed that the Supreme Court approved the legality of plea bargaining. In the case of Santobello v New York in 1971, the legality of plea bargaining was challenged when the prosecutor was accused by the defendant of breaching their plea agreement by recommending a punishment that was harsher than the one they had agreed upon. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendant; it argued that legal validity of plea bargaining to be achieved, the defendant and the prosecutor should adhere to the plea agreement’s terms. This case set a precedent that each plea bargaining must be approved by the court for it to be legally valid. Since then it has been entrenched in America’s criminal justice system (Bibas 2471). However, several studies have shown that it affects criminal justice system b y giving the prosecutor more discretion that may lead to unfairness on the part of the defendant and by granting the defendant lesser punishment. The following cases bring the flaw mentioned above: Bordenkircher v. Hayes where the court approved unfair handling of the case by the prosecutor; and in Marshall v. Barlow’s Inc where the defendant was granted lesser punishment despite the gravity

PLENTY Kitchen Roll Advertising Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PLENTY Kitchen Roll Advertising Campaign - Essay Example These have a wider use widely because their usage is not limited to the kitchens. In case, you have a problem with cleaning your garage equipment’s, plenty kitchen rolls offer a solution. The idea is to make several layers of paper that can absorb grease from equipment leaving them sparkling clean. The product is usable when  wrapping food before putting it in a lunch box  (Crawford & Freedman, 2010). When planning to go for an outing, then one of the items you should not forget to carry is Plenty kitchen rolls. The reason being, it has outdoor usages that other towels cannot be able to meet as they are usable for first aids in case of a nosebleed. During product value proposition, it is imperative to understand the values or services it can deliver or fail to fulfil in the market. Key competencies are important considerations in value proposition. They outline the strategic advantages customers are most likely to derive from the product. Plenty kitchen roll has notable strategic advantages to its users. It has a honeycomb structure that renders it easy to use. They are ultra-absorbent for use on wet surfaces. The product is durable because they can be intact for a long time. They are applicable in cleaning various surfaces including spills and oil and grease blockages in sinks. An outstanding product value proposition should identify and define the target market and customers’ population. It defines the necessities of potential customers most likely to be served by the product (Rafinejad 2007, p. 84). It helps define how best to attain the customers’ demands. The most eligible customers for the product, Plenty kitchen roll, are domestic chefs. Domestic chefs use the product to clean their kitchen and other unclean surfaces. Operators of restaurants, where cleaning of cooking surfaces is important, also find Plenty kitchen roll useful. A compelling value proposition should outline the various competitors that the product faces in

Figurative Language versus Literal Language Assignment

Figurative Language versus Literal Language - Assignment Example Amphiboly An amphiboly is a misleading notion that relies on either a vague word or a grammatical formation and meant to puzzle or give a wrong impression to an audience. In essence, amphiboly is created from fallacies through modification of sentence structures in such a way that the sentence will have two or more meanings. A speaker may choose to create a sentence in a careless manner in order to arouse peoples’ attention for instance in an advert. An amphiboly is best demonstrated in the advert below. â€Å"Four rooms apartments for rent inclusive of; cooking room, private phone, river sight and bathroom†. Someone might e tempted to think that the advert talks about a four bed roomed house that has a private phone, a private kitchen and a private bathroom. But in reality, the only thing that is private in this room is private phone. The other utilities are to be shared somewhere within the apartments. Analogy This is a logical argument which shows similarity between two things or situations while pointing out that if two things or situations are similar in one way, then they should be similar in others. Example; after John was jailed, he felt like a fish out of water. This means the conditions under which John was is comparable to the conditions a fish moved out of water would be. It means that he was very uncomfortable as a fish would die outside water. Flame word Flame words are words that give an impression of an insult in their use. Flame words are used in conjunction with other figures of speech when a speaker wants to give an insulting comment. Example, â€Å"You are such a snob†. The phrase can often be misused to mean that though the speaker is a liar, the subject is a better liar. This phrase may sometimes be misunderstood to mean an intentional accusation and cause a conflict. Metaphor It is a figure of speech that uses one thing to mean another. It is used to make a comparison between two things. For instance, â€Å"the old l ady cried until he became a child†. Literally the audience may be tempted to think that the lady cried until he changed into a child but this is not true metaphorically. In fact, it means that he cried like a child. Hyperbole This is the use of exaggeration to produce a comic effect. Hyperboles are therefore comparisons that are excessive and outrageous in nature. Example, â€Å"The comedy was so funny the crowd died of laughter†. The above sentence does not mean that anybody died. It rather means that fun was extreme so people laughed a lot. It is used to show extremity of actions or events. Simile â€Å"A simile is a figure of speech that gives a comparison between two dissimilar things to give a different meaning† (Myers & Smith, 2008). It uses the words â€Å"like or as† in comparison. For example, he is a coward like a hyena or he is brave as a lion. The first example compares the cowardice of the subject to that of a hyena while the second example co mpares the subject’s gallantry to a lion’s bravery. Similes are used in speech to arouse the attention of the audience. Euphemism It is a polite term that is used in place of other words or phrases to pass harsh or unpleasant information to the audience. It can also be used to pass a harsh or bitter truth in a friendlier manner. For instance, the old woman passed away yesterday. The words ‘passed away’

PLENTY Kitchen Roll Advertising Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PLENTY Kitchen Roll Advertising Campaign - Essay Example These have a wider use widely because their usage is not limited to the kitchens. In case, you have a problem with cleaning your garage equipment’s, plenty kitchen rolls offer a solution. The idea is to make several layers of paper that can absorb grease from equipment leaving them sparkling clean. The product is usable when  wrapping food before putting it in a lunch box  (Crawford & Freedman, 2010). When planning to go for an outing, then one of the items you should not forget to carry is Plenty kitchen rolls. The reason being, it has outdoor usages that other towels cannot be able to meet as they are usable for first aids in case of a nosebleed. During product value proposition, it is imperative to understand the values or services it can deliver or fail to fulfil in the market. Key competencies are important considerations in value proposition. They outline the strategic advantages customers are most likely to derive from the product. Plenty kitchen roll has notable strategic advantages to its users. It has a honeycomb structure that renders it easy to use. They are ultra-absorbent for use on wet surfaces. The product is durable because they can be intact for a long time. They are applicable in cleaning various surfaces including spills and oil and grease blockages in sinks. An outstanding product value proposition should identify and define the target market and customers’ population. It defines the necessities of potential customers most likely to be served by the product (Rafinejad 2007, p. 84). It helps define how best to attain the customers’ demands. The most eligible customers for the product, Plenty kitchen roll, are domestic chefs. Domestic chefs use the product to clean their kitchen and other unclean surfaces. Operators of restaurants, where cleaning of cooking surfaces is important, also find Plenty kitchen roll useful. A compelling value proposition should outline the various competitors that the product faces in

Analysis of the Fast Food Industry Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Fast Food Industry Essay Introduction Airline industry is the topic I researched in this analysis. Companies in this industry provide scheduled domestic and international passenger transportation, mail and freight transportation. Major US companies include American Airlines, Delta, Southwest, and United Continental, as well as the air operations of express delivery companies such as FedEx and UPS. The industry key survival factors are efficient operations, reliability of services, and safety. The drivers of change are internet economy, globalization, and low cost competition. Based on the key survival factors and drivers of change, large companies enjoy economies of scale in purchasing and the ability to provide more extensive services. Small airlines can compete by serving local or regional routes. All the information was collected from online journals, news, and research and report papers. The sources include industry reports such as Hoover, Bloomberg, and Forbes. The data was organized by folders and then summarized into Words before putting in the paper. Each source was written in a separate Word file every time it was used. The analysis uses the Porter’s 5 forces and PEST analysis. Key Survival Factors In airline industry, demand depends highly on the health of the economy, which affects spending on business and leisure air travel. Since many costs are fixed, efficient operations act as a core factor to determine the profitability of airlines companies. The basic operations of airlines include acquiring and maintaining airplanes and airport facilities, acquiring passengers and/or freight, managing staff, and operating flights. The flight equipment (airplanes) that an airline uses is crucial to efficient operations. The next key survival factor for airline industry is safety. Air traffic is growing rapidly, airports are more congested, and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"with two million passengers in the United States boarding more than 30,000 flights every day, maintaining that safety record will be a challenge.† Therefore, all airline companies should have a procedures encompassing the theory, investigation, categorization of flight failures, and the prevention of such failures through regulatio n, education, and training. The company could have lost the public image if they don’t have a procedure in advance to response quickly enough in case of emergency. Last but not least, reliability of service is another key survival factor for airline industry. A positive public image could be developed among customers due to a reputation for reliable services, which can lead to more repeat business. Reliability in the airlines industry includes: reports of mishandled baggage, the on-time arrival of flights, involuntary boarding denials from overbooking flights, and passenger complaints. Those airlines that are able to control these elements could provide better service to the customer, and thus offer more reliable service. Drivers of Change The internet and e-commerce has completely altered the airlines distribution (the booking and ticketing of passengers for air travel). Nowadays, travelers can book e-tickets on their flights through the airlines’ websites or a third-party website. This has allowed airlines to eliminate paperwork, reduce operational expenses, and bypass travel agent commissions. Moreover, the potential in the global travel market makes airlines companies focus more on globalization. To facilitate international growth, U.S. airlines are lobbying for â€Å"open skies† treaties between the U.S. and other nations. These treaties are bilateral agreements that essentially deregulate travel between the involved countries, thus opening up certain markets to competition. â€Å"The U.S. currently has signed more than 60 open skies treaties with nations around the globe.† Finally, the rise of the low-cost carriers has forced a change in the competitive environment of the air travel industry. Southwest, and JetBlue implement low-cost strategies that allow them to offer relatively low airfares. These low fares change the entire industry and force rivals to lower their costs and decrease their fares in order to stay competitive. Overall Assessment The airline industry is currently not very attractive. Both business and  tourist travel are reduced when the economy slows. â€Å"Global aviation traffic typically rises and falls at twice the pace of economic output, so a change in the economy can double the impact for airlines.† Because of relatively high fixed costs of airplanes, airport facilities, and labor, airlines cant easily adjust to reduced passenger traffic. Based on the financial results on Hoover’s database, the industry has a very low growth rate of personal consumption expenditures as of 2014, and it was forecasted to grow at an annual compounded rate of 4 percent between 2014 and 2018. Works Cited Mouawad, Jad, and Christopher Drew. Airline Industry at Its Safest Since the Dawn of the Jet Age. The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 Feb. 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. . Competitive Environment of the Airline Industry. Competitive Environment of the Airline Industry. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. . Good times for the Airline Industry. The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, 27 Dec. 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. . Fulton, Jeff. Airline Industry Key Success Factors. EHow. Demand Media, 29 July 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2015. .

Goa The Tourism System Analysis Tourism Essay

Goa The Tourism System Analysis Tourism Essay Destination of Goa is a dream for all travelers who are all visiting India. Goa is also the wonderful coastal place for destination. Most delight area or region in Western Ghats. It has green expand in space of land and normal pictures and excellent landscapes. It is also called queens of the beach. Goa is also having bird paradise, adventure sports and water of epicenter, and nature that following some of most delighted waterfalls in India. Identifying the feature of home tour is the beautiful sunny beaches, wonderful white sands in beautiful sea. Travelers can discover a satisfaction our in ancient temple and churches in the place of goa. So for travelers are mostly eating sea foods like fish, prawn, gin, crabs and feni. One of the famous festivals in goa is shimoga festival and its for people enjoyment with music, playing and having fun. Most of visitors emigrate to goa for look at the world class casino and also people enjoying the night life and parties in goa. Introduction: Goa has been an ideal destination for tourists for decades. Millions of tourists flock to Goa, a small city along the coast of the Arabian Sea. Its beautiful coastline beach, tropical landscape and with coconut palm as a backdrop makes it a most preferred destination for travelers. Goa was once dominated the Portuguese, their architecture, churches can also be found there even today. Goa still has that Portuguese flavor to their streets which still remains narrow and in their cuisines. Goa has several beautiful locations to offer. From the Dona Paula a spot which oversees the magnificent harbor of Goa at Mormugau. Panjim was once a fishing village, which the Portuguese declared it as the Capital. It still remains with the charm it had its glorious past. The buildings, churches, still remain intact and have overcome the testimony time had to offer. Panjim has houses and villas built along the banks of the river Mandovi. Goa has a mixture of old fashioned markets selling vegetables and fruits to Bars and Pubs which have a western culture associated to it. Several foreigners have made it into Goa and never left, those who have left have only wished to make it back. It has been the summit spot for tourism in India. It has the highest concentration of foreign settlers in India. Its all thanks to the well preserved natural beauty and the serenity that Goa has to offer. Goa attracts more tourists than any single city within India and it will remain the same way for years to come. Pest analysis: Social: Hostels and resorts are always seemed something that made a damage of the public material and place. More quantity of foreign arrivals arriving in to a position, the more chance of that position to decline its identity. A perfect example of goa from the past sixties to the beginning eighties when their life style of the goa people was at its peak, goa was a dreamful city for such oldest people. However they came in plenty of years and improved the total life style of the condition. This is how make something impact on the nations. Individual became careful, especially of the foreign travelers. Nevertheless a certain position became popular place in goa; they was mentioned to prevent the influx of foreign travelers some of the locations such as Rajasthan and Kerala has been able to attack a stability between their life style and the requirements of the foreign travelers and have producing money and attractive in a strong in the deal. People are how utilizing on their own points that travel and leisure will pay and it will be a considerable. Revenue for them. However, travel and tourism as a way of enjoyment has actually taken. People on their own have started visiting and are prepared to travel to a places that is out of the distinctive. Generally, travelling on a holidays supposed to going out mountain position or beaches, now every people is keen to go for getting practical experience over travel and location that could be individuals and cannot be genuine in the position of the place. Legal: The rules that control by the organization are not the similar in all the places. Various part of rules which are in impact are mature and ancient and its not developed to get assemble the issues of the twenty first century. The process of would valuations and journey of authorities has experimental to that taxes paying by travelers in local peoples are the maximum on the global. Hotels are indicting about forty percentage of tax indicating to other countries somewhere it varies among three percentages and six percentages. Although high duty to provide the travel and enjoyment of travel sectors as a entire mutually respectful. The additional, factors among the taxes of state level, mainly on a prepared drink and foods. In detail, the taxes to bring soft drinks vary generally and its sixty three percentage in Karnataka to twenty eight percentage in Bengal. Political: The Government aspects are the principal power of the tourism sector. The local travel industry of India is to developing on the main reference of government guidance and the market cannot continue to devoid of it. A range of standard websites and the spaces of common meaning all the servicing solutions methods like the location of the organization, the travel agencies and the vendors to identify the few guidance and the efforts of the management. The main purpose as to why the visitors to verify out ancient part of India are the intensive and loaded life style of our region. That is below the regulate authorities by means of the standard study of the nature in India. The method alter it happens into strength will have wonderful results on the travel sector players execute. There are several locations in which the development of vacation quick to found wonderful fall simply because the administration of ecosystem in positive way. Environment: The guidance an idea has seen developed by the administration in review with the travel sector and are becoming utilize the non relaxation the travel sector not in different to the other areas to deliver the past in the doing an expense to the people. The additional people spending the extra the travel sectors People who recently utilized to occur to the nation on a constrained amount vary and appearance for around cost effective of genuine property it will be deal with the star hotels. The progress of huge section of accommodation in the nations. Nevertheless a improvement of providing an expense dont only to control themselves to genuine property. Making an expense of evident in the huge variety of family visitors travelling by flights has considerably removed. Technical: While the innovation dont look to be a necessary have an impact on initial look, it attributes a main features in the marketing and advertising of the locations. Better interactions features are the initial situation for the development in the improvement of visitors. This has been developed by feasible with situation for the development in the improvement of visitors. This has been developed by feasible with scientific development. Although greater connection implies to marketing. The necessary of any location needs to be foreign visitors. In the same way to improves their travel operates have include to a wonderful development in the range of visitors observing and certain location. The use of an terminal and the variety of great enjoyment to all visitors. Three range of years: Vision in 2022: To arriving the place back up to the team whereas the demand is to receive an revenue dont visitors out of alternating place obtaining a extra does not alternate being more capability or lack of capability, efficient price, national or area of qualification of units does not avoid people from major and damage from growing goa city of organization and growth discuss it was offered by an specialist in the location of goa. The farming organization participation can maintain to minimize the farming organization do not generate plenty of revenue, we can continues layout to the area destination for the career possibilities in our sites. The culture of goa may comfortable in the process of the destination. Several necessary information with the objective of goa in 2022 inhabitants will exist approximately one eighty five million as well as the travel population would in unwanted of about three million situation all will go fit. The primary can attack proof raised of three hundred dollars a package more over to value of earning might healthy be extreme. Therefore the rest of this product will focus on this concentration of cleaning fit in the prospective. We recognize that faming department play a role on several percentage of the left over ninety three percentage and the rate of growth and development department is innovation them the tourist it will be spring time to alter the providing specifics. Designed of growth is a great deal with partially straight through issues somewhere as tourists will increase. Vision in 2030: The huge possible in the floor of farming mostly late towards its place, atmosphere scenario limited enhance perfect for large costs vegetation as well as its extremely designed individual. Resources it requirements to indicate efficiently to separate left beginning established to farming and meeting point on function benefits and to travel beginning product breath taking to impressive difference to less important and elevated the costs further vegetation increasing and require for brought up assessment products to the cost. Over all look of impresser organization such as part breaths taking in little property because of bright to personal offer also suggest numerous chance foe growth of agriculture. The majority of significant is the enchasing of the breath taking area to carry watching the location in addition to the restricted inhabitants. Growth of restricted fresh fruits and vegetables and fresh vegetables probably will rise of amount with the purpose of they probably will be sell overseas. The daily trade is enchasing and requirement maintain to turn into self relevant and further a similar breath taking item for consumption become recognizable to hold plenty performance. Vision in 2035: It should be the development of a main center designed for advanced learning with explore inside the India. The learning as well as study focuses among a center taking place in order to contact skill, public fitness, Nano technology, bio technology and architecture. Must stand a personal in price to provide brought up operate economical as well as organization, providing within bookkeeping, law, marketing, group relationship, organization in the level of creating growth and inner mean along with in the creating technology such as media, books, movies, TV and transferring. Here an remarkable possible during the education within pressure growth such as with stand their arts. Sustainability: To maintain the journey and vacation therefore labor to generate average accomplish occurring the environment along with area way of life whereas area to generate financial commitment more over career used for inhabitants because fit as to market the good company of limited system. it is efficient journey and vacation development up to impressive amount, it is be likely to position an awesome specification on top of the various position more over to these commitment as damaged. In frequent journey and vacation might be fast to rapidly least complete destination. The recantation and you will find the scenario. The supporting of journey and the scenario means are defeat the purpose as problem the beach along with over filling. The energy is a quality of a system or scenario it is able to be immediate organization dropping because anywhere needed on the way to make it is constant. The restricted inhabitants have an essential place to sign up during maintain viewing the places as well as dedication to remain the following place of intelligence with the sound used for the achievement of the situation. A lot of travelers beginning to global be amazingly different from the location with purpose of the inhabitants impact than look by the aspects of them along with the following. The place anywhere the travelers are trip off with this purpose incredibly a lot of trip and holiday promote is come across a serious accomplish of the benefits. Travelers in goa and other travelers position exercise a collection of discomfort starting the region supplier in particular adolescents again and again keep on guests with continue with the aim of the generating the goods. Conclusion: Goa has been attractive destination for Decades. It has attracted millions of tourists from across the globe. The tourists are mainly from United Kingdom, Russia, Scotland, Germany, France, Australia and United States of America. They all come there to explore the natural sanctuary and serenity that Goa has to offer in abundance. People come here to have a wonderful experience, explore the natural heritage and resources Goa has to offer. People come here empty and take home a lot of memories they could cherish for a lifetime. Goa also has a interesting night life, which interests a lot of people from the west. Goa is seen a place where tourists from several parts come and meet each other and share cultures with each other. People flock to Goa for a reason it has several naturally attractive locations to offer the tourists. It is also considerable cheap to stay at Goa considering other tourist destination making it an ideal location. There have been instances where foreigner stayed in Goa for years before the cash they had ran out. The destination has a lot of pubs, bars and Casinos that interest tourists. No one comes to Goa and goes back dejected. This makes Goa an ideal place to stay. Being a Union Territory, Goa has liberal laws for tourists settlers. Hence making it an ideal location for immigrants and tourists. There are several foreigners residing in Goa been there for generations. Goa has the essence to make it an ideal spot to rest and settle down. A place where culture mixes and harmony precedes the natural serenity makes it a most preferred tourist destination. Goa with its natural sanctuary that is being preserved has a long way to look forward to. It will remain to have tourists knocking at its doorsteps for years to come. The culture it shares with the immigrants and the locals have a unique tale to tell. The harmony and peace that looms around its surrounding makes tourists not wanting to leave and most of them wish to return to Goa at some point of their life. Goa has a long way to go, with tourists setting foot on its shores daily, it has room for development and improvement and the future seems bright.

Comparing Fall of the House of Usher, Young Goodman Brown, and Rip Van

Comparing Fall of the House of Usher, Young Goodman Brown, and Rip Van Winkle In the early eighteen hundreds, literature in the Americas started a revolution of style in upcoming authors. Authors started to look towards nature for symbolism and society as a source of sin. The underlined meaning in most of these stories was meant to leave the reader with a new perspective of their personal lives and society as a whole. Three stories that use this particular technique are Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," Edgar Allen Poe's "Fall of the House of Usher," and Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle. "Young Goodman Brown", by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story of a man named Goodman Brown, who is of strong Puritan belief. Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to travel into the depths of the woods one dark night led by a stranger. Goodman Brown is led to some secret meeting in the woods, where some of his fellow villagers are present. At this point in the story Goodman brown discovers that he is about to unravel hidden parts of the villagers' lives. "This night it shall be granted to you to know their secret deeds†¦"(946). Goodman Brown feels out of place and worried that his fellow Puritans would have secret hidden sins. The conflict for Goodman Brown comes in his decision whether he should join in the circle of sin and be like the rest of his village or hold true to his beliefs and reject any attempt to be persuaded. The climax of the story comes when Goodman Brown decides to stick by his religion and not to enter the circle of sin even though his wife, Faith, is a part of the sinning group. "Faith! Faith!†¦look up to heaven and resist the wicked one"(947). The denouement of Goodman Brown is tragic in an off beat sense. Goodma... .... These meanings dealt with the different aspects of live and their force of influence. These stories dealt with unexplained mysteries, imagination of characters, and the influence of nature. Each character had a certain conflict to confront or over come and each other their fates in the story explains the author's points of individual and societal problems. Bibliography: Hawthorne, Nathaniel,"Young Goodman Brown." Anthology of American Literautre. Ed. George McMicheal et al 2 vols. 7th ed.New York: Macmillan, 2000. Vol.1. 938-948 Irving,Washingtion."Rip Van Winkle." Anthology of American Literautre. Ed. George McMicheal et al 2 vols. 7th ed.New York: Macmillan, 2000. Vol.1. 619-632 Poe,Edgar Allen."Fall of the House of Usher." Anthology of American Literautre. Ed. George McMicheal et al 2 vols. 7th ed.New York: Macmillan, 2000. Vol.1. 763-777

Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story

Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS  Ã‚      The use of the frame story, an overarching narrative used to connect a series of loosely related stories, pervades literature. An example of a frame story on a large scale - tying together a whole book-length work, not a simple short story - can be found in Art Spiegelman's graphic novel MAUS. Each of the narrative's six sections is framed with snatches of the interaction between Vladek and Art during the "interview" that supposedly occurred to create the book. This framing helps us learn about Vladek's character, which we would not know about from his rather flat, unemotional Holocaust narrative. In coming to understand this book, we must also take into account the fact that no work of literature exists in a vacuum, and all literature is affected by the social and cultural contexts of its author and its reader. MAUS is no exception. In MAUS, the use of frame stories helps to establish personal, social, and cultural context for the "main" stories told within. In this effort to give literary works some sort of context, it seems that there are three "filters" through which any work of literature can be viewed. The first of these is what I will call the "personal context", that is, the information we amass about the previous experiences of the protagonist and other central figures of the work. Clearly, what has happened to a person, real or fictional, in the past will indelibly inform their present and future actions and emotions. The second "filter" is the "social context": the relationships that characters form among themselves. (In MAUS, I will also refer to this as the "familial" context, since the central relationship in the book is... ...e graphic novel. This helps to clarify the cultural context in which Vladek views himself. In conclusion, three different types of context are established by the "frame story" in the book. These are the personal, social, and cultural contexts which I have described. Perhaps there are others, but these three seem to be the most central to understanding the interaction of literature with its background culture. As there is reader-response criticism, perhaps we might propose a school of culture-response criticism, devoted to understanding the ideas portrayed in literature in light of the surroundings in which they were created.   "Captured in a photograph, without a frame, You see her standing tall but you see no face to blame."   Tara MacLean, "Let Her Feel The Rain" Works Cited: Spiegelman, Art. Maus. New York, Toronto: Random House, Inc. 1973. Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS  Ã‚      The use of the frame story, an overarching narrative used to connect a series of loosely related stories, pervades literature. An example of a frame story on a large scale - tying together a whole book-length work, not a simple short story - can be found in Art Spiegelman's graphic novel MAUS. Each of the narrative's six sections is framed with snatches of the interaction between Vladek and Art during the "interview" that supposedly occurred to create the book. This framing helps us learn about Vladek's character, which we would not know about from his rather flat, unemotional Holocaust narrative. In coming to understand this book, we must also take into account the fact that no work of literature exists in a vacuum, and all literature is affected by the social and cultural contexts of its author and its reader. MAUS is no exception. In MAUS, the use of frame stories helps to establish personal, social, and cultural context for the "main" stories told within. In this effort to give literary works some sort of context, it seems that there are three "filters" through which any work of literature can be viewed. The first of these is what I will call the "personal context", that is, the information we amass about the previous experiences of the protagonist and other central figures of the work. Clearly, what has happened to a person, real or fictional, in the past will indelibly inform their present and future actions and emotions. The second "filter" is the "social context": the relationships that characters form among themselves. (In MAUS, I will also refer to this as the "familial" context, since the central relationship in the book is... ...e graphic novel. This helps to clarify the cultural context in which Vladek views himself. In conclusion, three different types of context are established by the "frame story" in the book. These are the personal, social, and cultural contexts which I have described. Perhaps there are others, but these three seem to be the most central to understanding the interaction of literature with its background culture. As there is reader-response criticism, perhaps we might propose a school of culture-response criticism, devoted to understanding the ideas portrayed in literature in light of the surroundings in which they were created.   "Captured in a photograph, without a frame, You see her standing tall but you see no face to blame."   Tara MacLean, "Let Her Feel The Rain" Works Cited: Spiegelman, Art. Maus. New York, Toronto: Random House, Inc. 1973.

My Own Exprerience in English Language

Second language is known as the language that we learn after our mother tongue. It is the secondary option of the individual. People learn second language for multiple purposes; to communicate with people of different ethnic, to get job, to feel easy to live in strange country or environment, to learn foreign culture and lifestyle etc. As it is very important to know or speak the language of the place where we live. However, my second language –English is the most the most difficult to learn in a short period of time. The learning second language is much interesting and challenging, and also make more experience if we have good group discussion and talk with the teacher about own experience and problems. I moved to an environment that was totally different from the one I came from. I knew that this would be my biggest hurdle I would have to overcome. I sat in back of the class room and felt shy to speak with friends and teacher because I can’t frame a good sentence to express my problem. But teacher help me in each and every step of my problems that I faced. In middle of the semester, I understand more English and I started asking question regarding my problems to my teacher; the problems were solve in clear and effective way and I handle easily. I came to know while I learn English everything will be possible and easy if we keep on working with full of interest. In my experience one of the best ways to learning is writing in blog and read loudly. I am not really good writer and reader because I speak and think in Nepali. When I have a problem I talk and discuss with friends and teacher to know the correct answer and when I know the answer I keep on working on it for my experience in future. In addition, Group discussion became good source to learn lots of different idea to express the thought. I am very much sure if we give full concentration with interest on it we can definitely, learn lots of vocabulary and become a good writer and speaker. However, the teacher chosen the topic was so interesting and funny. The topic was to express my own experience and opinion towards the environment where I had grown up. It was more interesting to write in Nepali but it was so hard to express the feeling in English. I work in listening text and write down the vocabulary word which I heard in every single day. I believed that, the way of learning English language just to write and read loud. The way I make my language better is just keep on practicing lots. I realize that I am the one decide how my language will turn out in the future. The doors finally opened for me, but it took effort. Life was complicated during the transition stage when I was learning to accustom myself to a new language. Moreover, my classes were challenging in various fields like group discussions, homework, listening and writing. I studied online, extra time out of college, and finally I am feeling easy to interact with different American People, learn their culture and life styles.